NEW SETTINGS FOR ZAIN YOUR FREEDOM FREE BROWSING (CURRENTLY WORKING)
VERY IMPORTANT: IN THESE NEW SETTINGS CONNECT ON ACCESS POINT: INTERNET.NG.ZAIN.COM AND ON THE YOUR FREEDOM PROGRAM LEAVE ALL PROXY SETTINGS EMPTY!!!!!!
THE TIME HAS COME FOR NIGERIANS TO START BROWSING FOR FREE.
FIRST LETS START WITH THE REQUIRMENTS:
NOTE: YOU HAVE TO CALL CUSTOMER CARE TO ACTIVATE GPRS ON YOUR PHONE. UNLIKE MTN SIMS WHICH ARE ALREADY PRECONFIGURED.
1. YOU NEED AN ZAIN LINE WITH 0 NAIRA CREDIT IN IT.
2. YOU NEED A PHONE THAT CAN BE USED AS A MODEM TO CONNECT YOUR COMPUTER TO THE INTERNET. SUCH AS NOKIA PHONES WITH NOKIA PC SUITE SOFTWARE OR MOTOROLA PHONES WITH M PHONE TOOLS SOFTWARE.
3. YOU NEED A COMPUTER OF LAPTOP
4. YOU NEED TO REGISTER ON http://www.your-freedom.net AND GET YOUR USERNAME AND PASSWORD TO USE THE SOFTWARE. (REGISTRATION IS FREE)
5. DOWNLOAD YOUR FREEDOM FROM HERE: http://www.your-freedom.net
6. DOWNLOAD OPEN VPN FROM HERE: http://openvpn.net/download.html
NOW LETS START SETTING UP YOUR COMPUTER FOR FREE 24 HOUR A DAY BROWSING!!
1. 1. DOWNLOAD AND INSTALL OPEN VPN.
NEXT, CLICK ON START, CONTROL PANEL, NETWORK CONNECTION.
RIGHT CLICK THE NETWORK CONNECTION THAT HAS TAP-WIN32 ADAPTER V8 DRIVER, THEN CLICK ON PROPERTIES. SCROLL DOWN THEN CLICK ON INTERNET PROTOCOL (TCP/IP), THEN CLICK ON PROPERTIES.
CLICK ON USE THE FOLLOWING DNS SERVER AND ENTER:
PREFFERED DNS SERVER: 85.214.18.161
ALTERNATE DNS SERVER: 85.214.100.186
THEN CLICK ON OK AND DOUBLE CLICK THE CONNECTION TO ENABLE IT. IT WILL SAY A NETWORK CABLE IS UNPLUGGED FOR NOW.
2. DOWLOAD AND INSTALL YOUR-FREEDOM AND ENTER THESE SETTINGS.
LET ME JUST EXPLAIN EVERYTHING STEP BY STEP. OPEN YOUR-FREEDOM
-CLICK ON THE STATUS TAB. THEN CLICKED ON CONFIGURE.
- ON THE SERVER CONNECTION TAB.USE THESE SETTINGS:
ADDRESS: EMS05.YOUR-FREEDOM.DE, YOU CAN ALSO USE EMS02, 03, AND 04 OR JUST SEARCH FOR SERVERS WITH THE WIZARD.
PORT: 80
CONNECTION MODE: HTTP
NEXT CLICK ON ACCOUNT INFORMATION AND ENTER THE USERNAME AND PASSWORD YOU RECIEVED WHEN YOU REGISTERED ON http://www.your-freedom.net/
NEXT CLICK ON PROXY SETTINGS TAB LEAVE ALL THE SETTINGS EMPTY
NOW ON THE YOUR-FREEDOM MENU. CLICK ON PORTS AND TICK OPEN VPN, SOCKS 4/5, AND WEB PROXY
START YOUR ZAIN CONNECTION TO YOUR PC. THEN GO TO YOUR FREEDOM AGAIN AND CLICK ON THE STATUS TAB AGAIN AND THIS TIME CLICK ON START CONNECTION. (KEEP CLICKING ON START CONNECTION TILL IT CONNECTS, EVEN IF THE CONNECTION FAILS)
NEXT GO TO YOUR BROWSER AND FIND THE MANUAL PROXY CONFIGURATION SETTINGS(PROXY SERVERS), PROBABLY UNDER NETWORK SETTINGS, AND ENTER THIS IP FOR ALL PROXIES: 127.0.0.1 AND ENTER THIS PORT FOR ALL PORTS: 8080
MINIMIZE THE YOUR FREEDOM WINDOWS AND OPEN YOUR WEB BROWSER AND START BROWSING.
ENJOY!
THOSE OF YOU WHO WISH TO DONATE TO ME FOR SHOWING YOU THIS WAY TO BROWSE FOR FREE CAN DONATE IN THIS ACCOUNT.
DONATIONS
BANK: OCEANIC BANK
ACCOUNT NAME: OLOHUNIYO TEMITOPE O
ACCOUNT NUMBER: 0770001017163
ENJOY YOUR FREE BROWSING. POST YOUR COMPLAINTS AND I WILL GET BACK TO YOU.
YOUR FREEDOOM IPS
ems01.your-freedom.de 67.159.5.116 us
ems02.your-freedom.de 193.164.133.61 de
ems03.your-freedom.de 87.98.241.26 fr
ems04.your-freedom.de 91.121.13.62 fr
ems05.your-freedom.de 91.121.13.63 fr
ems06.your-freedom.de 81.169.130.185 de
ems07.your-freedom.de 85.214.22.104 de
ems08.your-freedom.de 91.121.2.175 fr
ems09.your-freedom.de 85.214.73.35 de
ems10.your-freedom.de 85.214.45.170 de
ems11.your-freedom.de 87.98.217.227 fr
ems12.your-freedom.de 87.98.243.6 fr
ems13.your-freedom.de 66.90.104.142 us
ems14.your-freedom.de 87.98.128.61 fr
ems14.your-freedom.de 91.121.9.81 fr
ems15.your-freedom.de 193.37.152.232 de
ems16.your-freedom.de 67.159.5.52 us
ems17.your-freedom.de 91.121.1.185 ca
ems18.your-freedom.de 85.214.116.165 de
ems19.your-freedom.de 77.92.68.5 uk
ems20.your-freedom.de 67.212.67.75 ca
ems23.your-freedom.de 62.193.231.70 fr
ems24.your-freedom.de 91.121.94.101 fr
Wednesday, September 30, 2009
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
love qoute and pictures
- No man is truly married until he understands every word his wife is NOT saying.
- You will never know true happiness until you have truly loved, and you will never understand what pain really is until you have lost it. ~ by Anonymous ~
To live is like to love - all reason is against it, and all healthy instinct for it. ~
- ....A simple I love you means more than money.... ~ by Frank Sinatra ~
True love cannot be found where it truly does not exist, Nor can it be hidden where it truly does. Tope Olohuniyo - Love: a temporary insanity, curable by marriage... ~ by Ambrose Bierce ~
To be in love is merely to be In a state of perpetual anesthesia: To mistake an ordinary young man for a Greek god Or an ordinary young woman for a goddess. Tope Olohuniyo
- Life without love is like a tree Without blossom and fruit. I love thee, I love but thee With a love that shall not die Till the sun grows cold And the stars grow old.
- Love is like war, Easy to begin but hard to end.
- Seduce my mind and you can have my body, Find my soul and I'm yours forever.
- So dear I love him that with him, All deaths I could endure. Without him, live no life. ~ by William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet ~
- Love is like a friendship caught on fire. In the beginning a flame, very pretty, Often hot and fierce, But still only light and flickering. As love grows older, Our hearts mature And our love becomes as coals, Deep-burning and unquenchable. ~ by Bruce Lee ~
- I have loved to the point of madness; That which is called madness, That which to me, Is the only sensible way to love. ~ by F. Sagan ~
- She walks in beauty, Like the night of cloudless climes and starry skies; And all that's best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes. ~ by Byron ~
- Your voice makes me tremble inside And your smile is an invitation For my imagination to go wild. ~ by Anonymous ~
- One word frees us Of all the weight and pain in life, That word is Love ~ by Socrates ~
- I have learned not to worry about love; But to honor its coming with all my heart. ~ by Alice Walker ~
- To love a person is to learn the song That is in their heart, And to sing it to them When they have forgotten. ~ by Anonymous ~
- Did my heart love till now? Forswear it sight, For I ne'er saw true beauty till this night. ~ Romeo, Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare ~
KEEP ON MOVING
ü Don’t stop moving Edited by
ü On your adventure you may experience anguish Tope
ü You may pass through jungle Ebenezer
ü You may travel on bridge
ü You may sobrieties be on ocean and pass through well
ü Keep on moving
ü You may smell the ugly part of the world
ü Rain may beat you there
ü Sum may find not tree to lean on
ü Keep on moving
ü Your orncstoos may not listen to your sorrowfully to them
ü You vision may blur and make success may to your enemy
ü Your world may bore and make suffering to be your uniform
ü Keep on moving
ü For this greater jungle called world is full of war
ü Sand of bullet is their
ü Interested note (music)
ü Machining themselves is their game (fun) the like catching
ü Destruction is their best hobby
ü Don’t because of stop moving
ü For the fire wood of this world if for those who can conclude, that is why only few can father it, period of time ) I mean
ü The day when your melancholy sing will turn to victorious one.
ü The when you will store you’re your goal and raise up your trophy.
ü The hair is at your foot-step.
ü When blessing will turn is neutrality to you .
ü When prosperity will apologize for is misdid and embrace you.
ü Suffering will say bye-bye to you and travel to these the fed-up and relaxed.
ü
ü The minute is knocking by your door.
ü When your father that has gone to park will answer your calling on them.
ü Your tribulation will turn to jubilation; your history will become glory.
ü Your failure success.
ü You will raised from trial to happiness.
IF YOU KEEP ON MOVING
NIGERIAL YOUTHS: LEADERS OR DESTROYER OF TOMMORROW
An adage says “youth are the leaders of tomorrow” this adage, I would say, is either old or not application it was for the youth and even early nineteenth century. New thing becomes old , which mean this adage is old for the larger percent of Nigeria youths, as Nigeria case, the adage is subject to changes and modification
The present saying for Nigeria millennium youths is “able and willing youths of today are the successful leader of tomorrow” this millennium and modification adage put more light on both the bad and good youths that equally become the bad and good leaders
Of tomorrow respectively.
An insi9ght to the political sector in Nigeria, what we have is bad, greedy & useless leader parading themselves as political office holder who are found of pocketing Nigeria’s public fund, god will punish them (Amen)
Democracy stability was given birth to not less than a decade ago with this short period, uncountable money scandals came justices and equity are not allowed to up , and the worse part of it is that to prevail by the association of bad leader of Nigeria (ABLN).who will prevent the legislature stranger hammer to crack open the corruption shell of the bad leader of Nigeria
These bad leader are not hundred percent blamed, if not the support of some sycophant youths, who because of what they will eat destroy, tarnish, and sell their future, all for the sake of sycophancy. They involves themselves in thuggery, assassination, ballot box snatching and all other criminal acts.
(o lord redeem their souls, amen).
What makes some Nigerian leaders to be bad?, The answer is not far fetch, the youthood of these bad leaders were also bad. They don’t prepare themselves to become a successful leaders, during their youth days, they stole, killed, lied and caused unlawful riot. e.t.c.and they successful graduated to become bad leaders.
Though Nigeria government do not cater for youths, youths empowerment is neglected but the government neglect, does not mean we the youths should involves in some bad acts during our youthood e.g. Drug abuse,Drinking of ogogoro and shepe, stealing, gambling and political thuggery to the Nigerian’s political idiots.
Finally, the youths of nowadays are advice to distance themselves from the aboce mentioned acts capable of destroying their future leadership style from good to bad .And they should desist from political sycophancy.Be self reliance and determined then the sky will be your stepping stone.
Olohuniyo tope
FOODS FOR THUOGHT...
Remember the quotes of Allan Quartermain the great of Durban which says ‘I am going to tell you the truth, nothing but the truth.
· Note that it is good to be good and always do good things as every evil that man does trail him.
· Do remember to do things to those you meet on the way up,as you might also meet and require their help on your way down.
· Think wise always, talk less and take wise and useful decision
· Never you kill to attain greatness, as the sword will await you at your door step.
· Give adequate respect to those in position of authority as you may find yourself on the seat in later years.
· Always behave in socially acceptable manner as the first impression last longest.
· It is not what happen to man that matters, but how he is able to handle it.
· It is pertinent to note that fingers are not equal, accept the fate of inequality in human race.
· Be wise; note that not all things that shines is gold.
· Be polite; but gentleness should not be taken as stupidity.
· Be firm; steadfast and never say “Yes” when you mean “No” or “No” when you mean “Yes”.
· The soup a man detests is not prepared by the wife.
· Be frank, say out your mind and quit the stage when the ovation is loudest.
· When you are in Rome behave as a roman, but never follow the multitude to perpetrate evil, avoid the acts of joining them if you can not beat them.
· Know that “Acute gentility is the sole of stupidity but there is no iota of gain in rascality,”therefore give peace a chance always.
· In every little thing that you do add a little prayer, and your plans shall be fulfilled, evil will be averted.
· Commence the day’s schedule with prayer and end it with same.
· Always let this be your watchword and yardstick.
“On my Honour
I promise to do my best,
To always work for the good of all mankind
And to obey the rules and regulations
I promise to set the “highest example
In discipline fitness and effort
So help me God.
SEN. ERINLE OLUWAFEMI J.
SENATE PRESIDENT, 2008.
SELF- ESTEEM
Do You lack self-confidence because you feel that somehow you are not good enough? Perhaps you feel you, as a person, are not worthy. Or perhaps you have been told all your live you can not do things.
Well, enough. Whatever voices have put you down; there is no need to become their accomplice. Whenever you hear that voice inside you telling you that you can’t do something or that you are not worthy or good enough, silence it right away. Even a voice of doubt that makes you hesitate. Silence it right away.
SAM ESAN
NOW IS THE TIME
In the platinum family, it is our goal to redefine excellence in our society. That is why when we look at people, especially youths, we only see greatness, achievement, absolute, and success. We are setting a task for ourselves that after the dusk of time for has passed, we will be remembered not for our own victory or losses but for our contribution to the socio-economic and educational development of the society.
We have a story resolution that even in the face of pressure, we will not choose what many men desire, we will not jump with common spirits and ranks with the multitude. We have resolved to jealously guard our integrity, dignity and pride. We have laboured to keep alive in our hearts that little spark of celestial fire, called conscience. We will never trade our name that has become an household brand, neither for silver and gold nor for riches untold. We believe that a good action is never lost, it is a treasure laid up and guarded for the doer’s need. Infract, every action touches on some chords that will vibrate in the eardrum of generations to come.
Our driving force is that, the essence of is to strive for noble causes and make this muddled world a better place. So, we are poised to open the mind of the youths, to awaken them and engineer a rebirth of their intelligence. Franty; Fanon asserts in his book “The Wretched of the Earth” that, if there is no room for you in God’s house.
It is not what a godfather tells us to do but what humanity, reason and instinct tells us to do. This is a period to show a real sense of responsibility and responsiveness to duty , time to be energetic , time to be actively involved in politics , economic development , societal rediscovery and posses a sharp sense of vision .
Now is the time to positively change our mindsets, now is the time to enlarge our coasts, now is the time to pour out good innovations, a time to get involved in nation building, now is the time to redefine excellence.
Stop complaining of the age we live in, stop murmuring at the present possessors of power, stop lamenting the past, conceive hope for the future. Get involve. Contribute your quota to achieve the much-desire change.
Now is the time!
In the PLATINUMN FAMILY, we see hope.
Monday, January 12, 2009
BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL WASTE AS PROBLEM TO HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL WASTE AS PROBLEM TO HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
INTRODUCTION
A waste is any material., which is throw away or aside (and regarded) as worthless it may either be in solid, liquid or gaseous waste (oluwatuyi, 2000). Waste may also be described as residues from materials after such materials have been used or materials have been extracted. Hence, biological wastes are wastes from living things; they include urine faces water (their mixture is referred to as sludge or sewage ). Bird droppings and Agricultural wastes (Atlas, 2008)
According to the Longman English dictionary, wastes are Materials that are unwanted because the good part of them been removed, wastes arise as a result of industrial, domestic, Agricultural and municipal activities (Atlas, 2003)
The western Australia Government Department of Environmental Protection defined waste more comprehensive as:
1. Any substance that is discarded emitted or deposited in the in the environment in such volume, consistency or manner as to cause an alteration in the environment.
2. Any discarded, rejected, unwanted, surplus or a abandoned substance intended for sale or for recycling, reprocessing, recovery or purification by a separated operation from that which produced the substance.
Wastes generation is a side effect of consumption and production activities and tends to raise with the level of economic advancement (smith, 1996). Industrial wastes include company waste, kitchens waste, garden waste and bulky waste from households, paper waste discharge from officers, commercial waste generated by restaurants and human waste; The volume of household waste tends to increase in the number of disposable containers such as plastic bottles, paper carton and aluminum which can add to the volume of waste (Denefas et al., 2003) Garden wastes include plant debris, grass drippings, hay, straw, wood chips, poultry and farm animal manures kitchen wastes include food waste, fruits and vegetable peels, egg shells, tea bags, polythene bags wrappers of food and so on (Augstkola, 2003). And industrial waste, include metal waste, iron, non-iron powders, technology waste.
Biological wastes are mainly organic and easily degradable, for example Agricultural wastes which result from the interaction of man with his environment, unwanted inedible part of a particular food constitute waste. For instance yam and plantain peeling constitutes wastes from this, it is obvious that waste generation is an inseparable part of human and animal activities (Lewin, 1991). The residue that result from it can be referred to as biological waste (urine and feaces) other forms of biological wastes include Agricultural and animal wastes, such wastes are from crop production like coconut shells, cocoa pods, wastes from raising and slaughtering of live stocks like animals and bird droppings, they are dumped on to dunghills. The easily degradable ones that are not disposed generate bad odours as a result, of microbial actions.
According to the article published by ministry of Environment (2001). These industrial wastes become dangerous to the environment and human health because of the chemical composition and elements they are made up of some contain toxic elements such as mercury, cadmium and others are of big problem too (Denafas et al., 2003). There are different types of wastes based on the source; this will be based on the source. This will be discussed extensively later in this work. Unguided population and human activities are bound to generate greater volume of waste products. The major sources of such wastes, which could be solid, fluid, gaseous, have been enumerated (Egboka et al., 1997).
Wastes carry diverse species of pathogenic organisms which could cause dangerous water borne disease like cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, typhold fever, paratyphold, bacillary dysentery, tuberculosis, respiratory tract infection, amoebic dysentery, bilharzins, helmithiasis; these disease are common complaints among students and other members of the public (Atlas, 2003 ) they reduce manpower productivity and useful man hours. All the disease can also occur at epidemic level if not control, hence the need for a well orchestrated environment policy and campaign in the institution.(ogunlade,2000)
1.2 TYPES AND SOURCES OF WASTE,
There are different types and sources of wastes, they include the following:
INDUSTRIAL WASTE: Among the waste generated by industrial activity,19 types identified by law as industrial waste, including sludge from factories, animal excreta and rubble; account for 80% of industrial waste. In addition to these, there are such kinds of waste as medical waste which require special treatment. (Mack,1999)
Industrial waste often contains harmful materials. For example, some of the organochlorine compounds contained in the drainage and waste form factories become stable in nature, and tend to accumulate in the bodies of animals, eventually polluting the neighbouring rivers, sea, and soil and contaminating ground waste impact not only on ecosystem.
The industrial waste ranges from small scale industries to the large scale chemical industries, for instance used oil from automobiles, shops, decaying, effluent from mills (e.g, cassava ), printing press paper, wood pulps from carpenters, decaying logs saw dust chaffs, plastic, industrial chemical industrial wastes and so on. (Goodwin et al.1996).
HOUSEHOLD: The waste generated from household include bottles, plastics, nylons leather materials, clothing books, wrappings, peeling and spoilt food materials. We can also have kitchen waste water, bathroom waste water, sewage and night soil (Which included faeces, urine).
AGRICULTURAL WASTE: there are much waste generated from areas that the inhabitants are mainly agrarian, some of the include rice – chaff (from mills), cowpeas, cassava peeling, animal droppings, leaf litters, poultry, litters cocoa pods, run – off from farm i.e. pesticide, herbicides, insecticides and so on.
COMMERCIAL REFUSE: This includes market square refuse remains of sold items such as food materials, waste from ablators and fish sellers, construction and demolition debris such as dilapidated building that are eventually pulled down and road construction materials e.g barrels for heating bitumen and other sources of wastes in the environment include animal dropping as a result of massive free range practice in animal husbandry; oil pollution from oil/petroleum industries where petroleum product are released intermittently and accidentally into the environment. (Eggins,1991).
BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL WASTE; PROBLEM TO HUMAN ENVIRONMENT. Most of them are not dangerous for the environment and human health if treated properly treated, but if not treated the waste then have negative impact on the environment in the following wings ways: according to Khirshorn (1996)
1. The waste if not removed in time, become a feeding media for pathogenic infections organism of different diseases.
2. Dirty streets look them clean
3. Decay of waste is accompanied by unpleasant smell, harmful gaseous substance and liquid which represent danger for health.
NOXIOUS ODOURS: The discharge of waste gives rise to variety of offensive odours, which in turns attracts pests such as flies and mice leading serious to hygienic the origins of such smells and chemicals, such as Ammonia and hydrogensulfide, which in addition cause uncomfortable sensations also contribute health problems such toxicification of the respiratory system (khirshorn,1996).
1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CAUSED BY WASTE PROCESSING.
Most waste are burned to reduce its total volume, and the ash residue sent to a treatment center and used as landfill (Eggins et al.1991). it is known that the incineration of waste release small quantities of highly hazardous chemical materials such as dioxins. Incinerator design should prevent the formulation of these harmful chemical materials and effectively exhaust gas to prevent further damage to the environment. However, some developing countries do not have adequate waste treatment facilities, so unprocessed waste is simply dumped, causing marine pollution and soil contamination. (Eggins et al, 1991)
1.5 THE MECHANISM OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BY WASTE.
Environmental pollution by waste occurs when is treated and dumped inappropriately. Chemical pollution has emerged as a major problem. For example, dioxins released by waste incineration, harmful materials in landfill liquid industrial waste as a source of underground pollution, leakage from products containing polychlorinated bipheny1 (PCB) and atmospheric pollution by pluorochlorocarbons. (Knorr,1995). Air pollution is the human introduction biphenyl (PCB) and atmospheric pollution by pluorochlorocarbons. (Knorr, 1995). Air pollution is the human introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulate matter or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damage the environment. Air pollution cause death, respiratory disease, air pollution is often identified with major stationary sources, but the greatest source of emissions is mobile sources mainly automobiles, Gases such as carbon dioxide which contribute to global worming, have recently gained recognition as pollutants by climate scientists while they also recognize that carbon dioxide is essential for plant life through photosynthesis. The atmosphere is a complex, dynamic natural gabeous system that is essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human heath as well as to the earth’s ecosystems.
Most of these chemicals are relatively stable in the environment and are carried afar by the atmospheric cycle by rivers and by ocean currents. In certain cases, they bring about the pollution of the whole earth. Furthermore, another regional mechanism of pollution involves the import, export and ocean dumping of hazardous waste, actions which are strictly prohibited by international conventions including based convention and the London convention. (urban, 2003).
\
1.6 DIOXINS AS A PROBLEM IN WASTE TREATMENT
The terms ‘dioxins’ refer to a large group of substance such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), polychlorine debenzofuran (PCDF) and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB). Dioxins are very stable and once in plce do not decompose readily. Also once dioxins enter the bodies of animals they tend to accumulate there consequently. In species of higher in the food chain (human beings, bird etc) the density of these substance increase over a long time, with an accompanying increase in the probability of toxicity (Atlas, 2003).
Dioxins which formed when products containing polyvinylidene chloride, vinyl chloride or ordinary sait are burned at a temperature of less than 8000c can be released into the atmosphere by the smoke from incineration. These plastics are commonly used in food wraps and plastic bags and when they are burned at low temperature by households, be schools and be small factories, dioxins are likey to be formed (staudinger, 1990).
Other sources of dioxins include the electric ovens used in steel plants, the exhaust gas of automobiles and the fabrication prosesses used in the synthetic textile industry moreover; dixins are also formed in natural disaster such as forest fires and wooden house fires. However waste incineration generates the largest quantities of dioxins. (Atlas, 2003).
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
3
4
5
2
6
61
21
31
41
51
Dioxin is the general term for a large group of substances such polychlorinated dibenzo-p-poly chlorinated biphenyl. (PCDD), poluchlorianted dibenzo-furan (PCDF) and co planar polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB).
1.7 TRANSMISSION OF DISEASE BY SEWAGE
Transmission of disease has been accredlted to contamination by wastes (Atlas, 1995). For instance, microorganism can exist in human faeces, urine and feacal contamination of wastes has been the primary mode of transmission of hepatitis virus. A disease of the liver. In America in 1960, it was found that many patients with hepatitis has eaten seafoods harvested/contaminated because of the inability of sewage treatment and disposed plants to cope with the increased sewage load from new york, new jersey metropolition area. (Alter, 1990). Also, faecal contamination of water is a means of transmitting typhod fever caused by salmonella typhi (Atlas, 2003).
Bathroom run-off (wastes) occurs in the liquid form if not well manged, it flows from the points of generation and constitute nuisance in the area through which it flows. The area will not be spared from bad odour emanating from the microbial degradation of the constituent of the run-off even if it stagnant. (Action plan, 1996). The liquid wastes can be seen flowing along roads in many areas even at the height of the dry season. Such wastes are good grounds’ for breeding mosquitoes and other disease causing insects. (Action plan, 1996)
Biological solid wastes (like human faeces and refuse) remain at the point of generation until they are or pacted to ther places. If they are not removed from the point of generation and deposited somewhere also, that location becomes dirty, unsightly and the wastes may constitute great hazard and risks to the people living in the vicinity.
1.8 CONTROAL OF THE WASTE PROBLEM
1. PREVENTING DIOXIN FORMATION
To prevent the formation of dioxins it is important to burn waste compositely. Techniques for ensuring completely combustion include maintaining the incinerator at temperature above 8000c, if possible above 10000c ensuring a flow of mixture of air and burning waste; and keeping incinerated waste in the incinerator for more than a few seconds. One other way is to coast the waste to convert it into a gas and then that gas in order to burns the remaining carbonized waste at high temperature (milts et al, 1991).
In order to solve the problems of environmental pollution and it impact on ecosystem, the government of every country must make an effort to reduce dioxin formation. Most countries have set standards for the density of dioxins in the exhaust of the incinerator and electric ovens and have passed laws governing this, since chemical materials such as dioxins disperse all over the earth through air and water cycles. International surveillance and regulation are essential. (scolt et al, 1991).
1.9 PREVENTING THE GENERATION OF WASTE
large scale dumps, including waste treatment centers are causing various problems. The first priority then is to reduce the volume of waste generated. To that end, each individual must consider his or her daily consumption and recycling patterns and refrain from using disposable products, and excessive packaging. More over, it is necessary to develop products, which places fewer burden on the environment, products which generate little waste and recyclable products. Mass production and mass consumption have been the driving force behind the prosperity of the industrialized countries but this situation in needs of rethinking. One familiar example is that when people throw away clothes which are not wearable anymore but due to a change of body size, those clothes simple becomes waste. However, if the clothes are taken to the recycling shop or a flea market, they will be reused as clothes. Another alternative is to convert the clothe back into raw textile materials and process them to new forms such as cloths or blankets. One other possibility is to reuse the clothes as industrial wash clothes.
1.9.1 RECYCLING
Most waste can be treated in relatively simple ways, or can be reused. The term ‘recycling’ until now has been treated as waste, or converting them back into raw materials. (mack et al, 1991). The reuse waste rather than dumping it is clearly beneficial from the ecological point of view.
Recycling reduces overall energy consumption and prevents environmental pollution. For example, if we reuse the iron in a machine, we can reduces the energy needed to extract iron from ore by 65%.
Revising the aluminum can require about thirty-third of the energy required to male a new aluminum can from bauxite (aluminum ore). The recycling of one ton of second hand paper such as newspaper and milk cartons produces the same amount of pulp as that made by the cutting down of 20trees of meters in height (Atlas, 2003).
1.9.2 DISPOSAL
This involves the method (s) used in disposing-off the wastes/refuses. The methods include incineration, recycling, sanitary land filling and composting. Olubanji (1997)n in his own contribution referred to efficient system of sewage drainage and waste refuse disposal as one of the essential aspects affecting human heaith and the environmental quality of the human settlement. Gilberson (1999) observed that transforming of wastes from one place to another without considering the resuitant health hazards may lead to pollution of water, air and soil.
1.9.3 INCINERATION
Biological wastes like leaf-lilters, yam and plantain peels, decaying logs and other plant materials can be burnt. This can be done if they are dried, but this method have been discouraged by authorities because of air pollution. Even after buring ashes are left behind which has to be removed and disposed. (oluwatuyi et al, 2000).
1.9.4 SANITARY LAND FILLING
This is one of the simplest and less expensive methods of waste disposal. The solid biological wastes are disposed in low-lying land. The principle behind this method of waste disposal is microbial decomposition. (Atlas, 2003). These Can cause odour problem. attract insects and rodents. So each day’s deposit is covered with soil. After covering, the organic waste in the landfull undergoes slows, anaerobic microbial decomposition
1.9.5 COMPOSITION
Biological waste are mainly organic and can be biodegraded by compositing according to Atlas (1995) it is process by which solid haterogenous organic malter is degraded by aerobic mesophilic and thermophilic organisms; and thermophilic organisms; organic wastes materials into a stable, humus-like product which can be used for solid improvement (mack et al. 1991)
1.96. Decaying
All things in nature ultimately succumb to decay. Much of this is a natural consequence of the laws of thermodynamics. A large proportion of waste degrades because their components are subjected to the action of enzymes (smith et al., 1996). Unfortunately for human’s many of the waste that we produce do not decay as fast as we would like. They end up polluting the air, land and water. Two major factors prevent our waste from decaying rapidly.
CONCLUSION
Firstly, we produce so much at time that rate of natural decay is in-significant compared to the amount present. Secondly, most waste end up in the areas not conducive now develop bioremediation as a way to accelerate or encourage the removal of toxic substances and waste from the environment.
The problem of industrials waste can be solved by:
1. Proper disposal of waste in the home by the use of solved waste bins or composition bins.
2. Recycling of waste or bioremediation process which involves the microbial transformation or recycling of the waste
3. collection of industrial waste disposal companies with the aid of vehicles
REFERENCES
Adesuyi. D, (1996). Environmental Planning and Management; What prospect for sustainable development in ultimate
water technology and environment: 1 (2): 16-19.
Atlas. R.M (2003). Management of the Environment through Biotechnology, J.Microbiology and Biotechnology. 9: 493-494.
Alter. H, (1999). Ind. Engng. Chem. 52; Microbiology quality of coaster water Technology and Environment 1 (2): 16-19
Blenda M.D, Pinto, A.C, Laora. G, Pectmase G. Environment Technology. 27 (8). August (2006)
Das Silva, Eduardo DA Silva. M and Eleni Gomes. (2002). Patinas Production. Penicillum viridicatum rf e 3 by solid state using fermentation agricultural wastes and agro-industrial by products. Brazillian Journal Microbiology. 3 3:4
Egboka B.E; Nwankor.G.J; Orajoka, I.P and Ejiofor, D.A (1889). Ground water pollution in developing countries, Environmental Health Perspective. 83: 39-68
Eggins H.O.W, Mills.J, holt. A and scott. G (1999). Microbial aspects
Of pollution. 269-279.
Eggins H.O.W and Pugh, G.J.F. Composting and Recycling of Municipal solid wastes. (1999). Nature 193: 94-95
Gijzen. H.J. (1998) sustainable waste water management via re-using turning waste into wealth. Cali Columbia. 211-215.
Gilberson. W. (1969) present future trend in municipal disposal of solid wastes. Public health papers. 10-15
Goodwin. T.W and Morton.R.A. (1996) Biochem. J.40:628-640
Goodwin. T.W and morton.r.a. (2002) struggle against solid and dangerous wastes. Biochem.J. 40:628-640
Hans. G.S (2001) General Microbiology. A review Environmental Pollution. 112:269-283.
Hobson. P.N; Bousfie L.D.S and Summers.r (1960) anaerobic digestion of pigery poultry wastes. Applied Science. 8:237-249.
Knorr.A; (1995) “Integrated water and waste management”. Water Science and Technology. 35 (9) 11-20
Larsen. T.A; Guijeriw. (1996) Separate Management of anthropogenic nutrients solution.
(human urine). Wat. Sci. Tech. 34:87-94.
Mack. M; (1990) Microbiology: a human perspective treatment of water wastes and polluted habitants 31:786-797.
Odeyemi I.O. (2001) microbes as environmental clean up agents: solid waste management and recycling in Nigeria: some current recycling practices. 25th annual conference of the Nigerian society for microbiology. 146-150.
Olu Oluwatuyi. (2000) Waste management in Ekiti state. Work shop on environmental management for sustainable development. A Public Health paper. 50-52.
Prescolt.M; lansing. H and Klein.a (1999) microbiology (4th ed) wbc/ grand-hill. A div of the MC graw-Hill companies. 261-265
Scholz .R (2001) Waste treatment in thermal procedures composting and recycling of municipal solid waste.300-325.
State of environment (2001) “Ground water Microbiology and staudinger; j. (1999). Disposal of plastic waste and litter. International journal of environmental health research. 3. 32-46
The National Strategic Waste treatment plan (2002) chemical characteristics of extractible lipids cop. Sci. Util. 4: 16-25.
Williams. C.M; Baker J.C and Sims. J.t (1999) review of environmental Contamination and toxicology: 162: 105-157.
INTRODUCTION
A waste is any material., which is throw away or aside (and regarded) as worthless it may either be in solid, liquid or gaseous waste (oluwatuyi, 2000). Waste may also be described as residues from materials after such materials have been used or materials have been extracted. Hence, biological wastes are wastes from living things; they include urine faces water (their mixture is referred to as sludge or sewage ). Bird droppings and Agricultural wastes (Atlas, 2008)
According to the Longman English dictionary, wastes are Materials that are unwanted because the good part of them been removed, wastes arise as a result of industrial, domestic, Agricultural and municipal activities (Atlas, 2003)
The western Australia Government Department of Environmental Protection defined waste more comprehensive as:
1. Any substance that is discarded emitted or deposited in the in the environment in such volume, consistency or manner as to cause an alteration in the environment.
2. Any discarded, rejected, unwanted, surplus or a abandoned substance intended for sale or for recycling, reprocessing, recovery or purification by a separated operation from that which produced the substance.
Wastes generation is a side effect of consumption and production activities and tends to raise with the level of economic advancement (smith, 1996). Industrial wastes include company waste, kitchens waste, garden waste and bulky waste from households, paper waste discharge from officers, commercial waste generated by restaurants and human waste; The volume of household waste tends to increase in the number of disposable containers such as plastic bottles, paper carton and aluminum which can add to the volume of waste (Denefas et al., 2003) Garden wastes include plant debris, grass drippings, hay, straw, wood chips, poultry and farm animal manures kitchen wastes include food waste, fruits and vegetable peels, egg shells, tea bags, polythene bags wrappers of food and so on (Augstkola, 2003). And industrial waste, include metal waste, iron, non-iron powders, technology waste.
Biological wastes are mainly organic and easily degradable, for example Agricultural wastes which result from the interaction of man with his environment, unwanted inedible part of a particular food constitute waste. For instance yam and plantain peeling constitutes wastes from this, it is obvious that waste generation is an inseparable part of human and animal activities (Lewin, 1991). The residue that result from it can be referred to as biological waste (urine and feaces) other forms of biological wastes include Agricultural and animal wastes, such wastes are from crop production like coconut shells, cocoa pods, wastes from raising and slaughtering of live stocks like animals and bird droppings, they are dumped on to dunghills. The easily degradable ones that are not disposed generate bad odours as a result, of microbial actions.
According to the article published by ministry of Environment (2001). These industrial wastes become dangerous to the environment and human health because of the chemical composition and elements they are made up of some contain toxic elements such as mercury, cadmium and others are of big problem too (Denafas et al., 2003). There are different types of wastes based on the source; this will be based on the source. This will be discussed extensively later in this work. Unguided population and human activities are bound to generate greater volume of waste products. The major sources of such wastes, which could be solid, fluid, gaseous, have been enumerated (Egboka et al., 1997).
Wastes carry diverse species of pathogenic organisms which could cause dangerous water borne disease like cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, typhold fever, paratyphold, bacillary dysentery, tuberculosis, respiratory tract infection, amoebic dysentery, bilharzins, helmithiasis; these disease are common complaints among students and other members of the public (Atlas, 2003 ) they reduce manpower productivity and useful man hours. All the disease can also occur at epidemic level if not control, hence the need for a well orchestrated environment policy and campaign in the institution.(ogunlade,2000)
1.2 TYPES AND SOURCES OF WASTE,
There are different types and sources of wastes, they include the following:
INDUSTRIAL WASTE: Among the waste generated by industrial activity,19 types identified by law as industrial waste, including sludge from factories, animal excreta and rubble; account for 80% of industrial waste. In addition to these, there are such kinds of waste as medical waste which require special treatment. (Mack,1999)
Industrial waste often contains harmful materials. For example, some of the organochlorine compounds contained in the drainage and waste form factories become stable in nature, and tend to accumulate in the bodies of animals, eventually polluting the neighbouring rivers, sea, and soil and contaminating ground waste impact not only on ecosystem.
The industrial waste ranges from small scale industries to the large scale chemical industries, for instance used oil from automobiles, shops, decaying, effluent from mills (e.g, cassava ), printing press paper, wood pulps from carpenters, decaying logs saw dust chaffs, plastic, industrial chemical industrial wastes and so on. (Goodwin et al.1996).
HOUSEHOLD: The waste generated from household include bottles, plastics, nylons leather materials, clothing books, wrappings, peeling and spoilt food materials. We can also have kitchen waste water, bathroom waste water, sewage and night soil (Which included faeces, urine).
AGRICULTURAL WASTE: there are much waste generated from areas that the inhabitants are mainly agrarian, some of the include rice – chaff (from mills), cowpeas, cassava peeling, animal droppings, leaf litters, poultry, litters cocoa pods, run – off from farm i.e. pesticide, herbicides, insecticides and so on.
COMMERCIAL REFUSE: This includes market square refuse remains of sold items such as food materials, waste from ablators and fish sellers, construction and demolition debris such as dilapidated building that are eventually pulled down and road construction materials e.g barrels for heating bitumen and other sources of wastes in the environment include animal dropping as a result of massive free range practice in animal husbandry; oil pollution from oil/petroleum industries where petroleum product are released intermittently and accidentally into the environment. (Eggins,1991).
BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL WASTE; PROBLEM TO HUMAN ENVIRONMENT. Most of them are not dangerous for the environment and human health if treated properly treated, but if not treated the waste then have negative impact on the environment in the following wings ways: according to Khirshorn (1996)
1. The waste if not removed in time, become a feeding media for pathogenic infections organism of different diseases.
2. Dirty streets look them clean
3. Decay of waste is accompanied by unpleasant smell, harmful gaseous substance and liquid which represent danger for health.
NOXIOUS ODOURS: The discharge of waste gives rise to variety of offensive odours, which in turns attracts pests such as flies and mice leading serious to hygienic the origins of such smells and chemicals, such as Ammonia and hydrogensulfide, which in addition cause uncomfortable sensations also contribute health problems such toxicification of the respiratory system (khirshorn,1996).
1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CAUSED BY WASTE PROCESSING.
Most waste are burned to reduce its total volume, and the ash residue sent to a treatment center and used as landfill (Eggins et al.1991). it is known that the incineration of waste release small quantities of highly hazardous chemical materials such as dioxins. Incinerator design should prevent the formulation of these harmful chemical materials and effectively exhaust gas to prevent further damage to the environment. However, some developing countries do not have adequate waste treatment facilities, so unprocessed waste is simply dumped, causing marine pollution and soil contamination. (Eggins et al, 1991)
1.5 THE MECHANISM OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BY WASTE.
Environmental pollution by waste occurs when is treated and dumped inappropriately. Chemical pollution has emerged as a major problem. For example, dioxins released by waste incineration, harmful materials in landfill liquid industrial waste as a source of underground pollution, leakage from products containing polychlorinated bipheny1 (PCB) and atmospheric pollution by pluorochlorocarbons. (Knorr,1995). Air pollution is the human introduction biphenyl (PCB) and atmospheric pollution by pluorochlorocarbons. (Knorr, 1995). Air pollution is the human introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulate matter or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damage the environment. Air pollution cause death, respiratory disease, air pollution is often identified with major stationary sources, but the greatest source of emissions is mobile sources mainly automobiles, Gases such as carbon dioxide which contribute to global worming, have recently gained recognition as pollutants by climate scientists while they also recognize that carbon dioxide is essential for plant life through photosynthesis. The atmosphere is a complex, dynamic natural gabeous system that is essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human heath as well as to the earth’s ecosystems.
Most of these chemicals are relatively stable in the environment and are carried afar by the atmospheric cycle by rivers and by ocean currents. In certain cases, they bring about the pollution of the whole earth. Furthermore, another regional mechanism of pollution involves the import, export and ocean dumping of hazardous waste, actions which are strictly prohibited by international conventions including based convention and the London convention. (urban, 2003).
\
1.6 DIOXINS AS A PROBLEM IN WASTE TREATMENT
The terms ‘dioxins’ refer to a large group of substance such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), polychlorine debenzofuran (PCDF) and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB). Dioxins are very stable and once in plce do not decompose readily. Also once dioxins enter the bodies of animals they tend to accumulate there consequently. In species of higher in the food chain (human beings, bird etc) the density of these substance increase over a long time, with an accompanying increase in the probability of toxicity (Atlas, 2003).
Dioxins which formed when products containing polyvinylidene chloride, vinyl chloride or ordinary sait are burned at a temperature of less than 8000c can be released into the atmosphere by the smoke from incineration. These plastics are commonly used in food wraps and plastic bags and when they are burned at low temperature by households, be schools and be small factories, dioxins are likey to be formed (staudinger, 1990).
Other sources of dioxins include the electric ovens used in steel plants, the exhaust gas of automobiles and the fabrication prosesses used in the synthetic textile industry moreover; dixins are also formed in natural disaster such as forest fires and wooden house fires. However waste incineration generates the largest quantities of dioxins. (Atlas, 2003).
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
3
4
5
2
6
61
21
31
41
51
Dioxin is the general term for a large group of substances such polychlorinated dibenzo-p-poly chlorinated biphenyl. (PCDD), poluchlorianted dibenzo-furan (PCDF) and co planar polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB).
1.7 TRANSMISSION OF DISEASE BY SEWAGE
Transmission of disease has been accredlted to contamination by wastes (Atlas, 1995). For instance, microorganism can exist in human faeces, urine and feacal contamination of wastes has been the primary mode of transmission of hepatitis virus. A disease of the liver. In America in 1960, it was found that many patients with hepatitis has eaten seafoods harvested/contaminated because of the inability of sewage treatment and disposed plants to cope with the increased sewage load from new york, new jersey metropolition area. (Alter, 1990). Also, faecal contamination of water is a means of transmitting typhod fever caused by salmonella typhi (Atlas, 2003).
Bathroom run-off (wastes) occurs in the liquid form if not well manged, it flows from the points of generation and constitute nuisance in the area through which it flows. The area will not be spared from bad odour emanating from the microbial degradation of the constituent of the run-off even if it stagnant. (Action plan, 1996). The liquid wastes can be seen flowing along roads in many areas even at the height of the dry season. Such wastes are good grounds’ for breeding mosquitoes and other disease causing insects. (Action plan, 1996)
Biological solid wastes (like human faeces and refuse) remain at the point of generation until they are or pacted to ther places. If they are not removed from the point of generation and deposited somewhere also, that location becomes dirty, unsightly and the wastes may constitute great hazard and risks to the people living in the vicinity.
1.8 CONTROAL OF THE WASTE PROBLEM
1. PREVENTING DIOXIN FORMATION
To prevent the formation of dioxins it is important to burn waste compositely. Techniques for ensuring completely combustion include maintaining the incinerator at temperature above 8000c, if possible above 10000c ensuring a flow of mixture of air and burning waste; and keeping incinerated waste in the incinerator for more than a few seconds. One other way is to coast the waste to convert it into a gas and then that gas in order to burns the remaining carbonized waste at high temperature (milts et al, 1991).
In order to solve the problems of environmental pollution and it impact on ecosystem, the government of every country must make an effort to reduce dioxin formation. Most countries have set standards for the density of dioxins in the exhaust of the incinerator and electric ovens and have passed laws governing this, since chemical materials such as dioxins disperse all over the earth through air and water cycles. International surveillance and regulation are essential. (scolt et al, 1991).
1.9 PREVENTING THE GENERATION OF WASTE
large scale dumps, including waste treatment centers are causing various problems. The first priority then is to reduce the volume of waste generated. To that end, each individual must consider his or her daily consumption and recycling patterns and refrain from using disposable products, and excessive packaging. More over, it is necessary to develop products, which places fewer burden on the environment, products which generate little waste and recyclable products. Mass production and mass consumption have been the driving force behind the prosperity of the industrialized countries but this situation in needs of rethinking. One familiar example is that when people throw away clothes which are not wearable anymore but due to a change of body size, those clothes simple becomes waste. However, if the clothes are taken to the recycling shop or a flea market, they will be reused as clothes. Another alternative is to convert the clothe back into raw textile materials and process them to new forms such as cloths or blankets. One other possibility is to reuse the clothes as industrial wash clothes.
1.9.1 RECYCLING
Most waste can be treated in relatively simple ways, or can be reused. The term ‘recycling’ until now has been treated as waste, or converting them back into raw materials. (mack et al, 1991). The reuse waste rather than dumping it is clearly beneficial from the ecological point of view.
Recycling reduces overall energy consumption and prevents environmental pollution. For example, if we reuse the iron in a machine, we can reduces the energy needed to extract iron from ore by 65%.
Revising the aluminum can require about thirty-third of the energy required to male a new aluminum can from bauxite (aluminum ore). The recycling of one ton of second hand paper such as newspaper and milk cartons produces the same amount of pulp as that made by the cutting down of 20trees of meters in height (Atlas, 2003).
1.9.2 DISPOSAL
This involves the method (s) used in disposing-off the wastes/refuses. The methods include incineration, recycling, sanitary land filling and composting. Olubanji (1997)n in his own contribution referred to efficient system of sewage drainage and waste refuse disposal as one of the essential aspects affecting human heaith and the environmental quality of the human settlement. Gilberson (1999) observed that transforming of wastes from one place to another without considering the resuitant health hazards may lead to pollution of water, air and soil.
1.9.3 INCINERATION
Biological wastes like leaf-lilters, yam and plantain peels, decaying logs and other plant materials can be burnt. This can be done if they are dried, but this method have been discouraged by authorities because of air pollution. Even after buring ashes are left behind which has to be removed and disposed. (oluwatuyi et al, 2000).
1.9.4 SANITARY LAND FILLING
This is one of the simplest and less expensive methods of waste disposal. The solid biological wastes are disposed in low-lying land. The principle behind this method of waste disposal is microbial decomposition. (Atlas, 2003). These Can cause odour problem. attract insects and rodents. So each day’s deposit is covered with soil. After covering, the organic waste in the landfull undergoes slows, anaerobic microbial decomposition
1.9.5 COMPOSITION
Biological waste are mainly organic and can be biodegraded by compositing according to Atlas (1995) it is process by which solid haterogenous organic malter is degraded by aerobic mesophilic and thermophilic organisms; and thermophilic organisms; organic wastes materials into a stable, humus-like product which can be used for solid improvement (mack et al. 1991)
1.96. Decaying
All things in nature ultimately succumb to decay. Much of this is a natural consequence of the laws of thermodynamics. A large proportion of waste degrades because their components are subjected to the action of enzymes (smith et al., 1996). Unfortunately for human’s many of the waste that we produce do not decay as fast as we would like. They end up polluting the air, land and water. Two major factors prevent our waste from decaying rapidly.
CONCLUSION
Firstly, we produce so much at time that rate of natural decay is in-significant compared to the amount present. Secondly, most waste end up in the areas not conducive now develop bioremediation as a way to accelerate or encourage the removal of toxic substances and waste from the environment.
The problem of industrials waste can be solved by:
1. Proper disposal of waste in the home by the use of solved waste bins or composition bins.
2. Recycling of waste or bioremediation process which involves the microbial transformation or recycling of the waste
3. collection of industrial waste disposal companies with the aid of vehicles
REFERENCES
Adesuyi. D, (1996). Environmental Planning and Management; What prospect for sustainable development in ultimate
water technology and environment: 1 (2): 16-19.
Atlas. R.M (2003). Management of the Environment through Biotechnology, J.Microbiology and Biotechnology. 9: 493-494.
Alter. H, (1999). Ind. Engng. Chem. 52; Microbiology quality of coaster water Technology and Environment 1 (2): 16-19
Blenda M.D, Pinto, A.C, Laora. G, Pectmase G. Environment Technology. 27 (8). August (2006)
Das Silva, Eduardo DA Silva. M and Eleni Gomes. (2002). Patinas Production. Penicillum viridicatum rf e 3 by solid state using fermentation agricultural wastes and agro-industrial by products. Brazillian Journal Microbiology. 3 3:4
Egboka B.E; Nwankor.G.J; Orajoka, I.P and Ejiofor, D.A (1889). Ground water pollution in developing countries, Environmental Health Perspective. 83: 39-68
Eggins H.O.W, Mills.J, holt. A and scott. G (1999). Microbial aspects
Of pollution. 269-279.
Eggins H.O.W and Pugh, G.J.F. Composting and Recycling of Municipal solid wastes. (1999). Nature 193: 94-95
Gijzen. H.J. (1998) sustainable waste water management via re-using turning waste into wealth. Cali Columbia. 211-215.
Gilberson. W. (1969) present future trend in municipal disposal of solid wastes. Public health papers. 10-15
Goodwin. T.W and Morton.R.A. (1996) Biochem. J.40:628-640
Goodwin. T.W and morton.r.a. (2002) struggle against solid and dangerous wastes. Biochem.J. 40:628-640
Hans. G.S (2001) General Microbiology. A review Environmental Pollution. 112:269-283.
Hobson. P.N; Bousfie L.D.S and Summers.r (1960) anaerobic digestion of pigery poultry wastes. Applied Science. 8:237-249.
Knorr.A; (1995) “Integrated water and waste management”. Water Science and Technology. 35 (9) 11-20
Larsen. T.A; Guijeriw. (1996) Separate Management of anthropogenic nutrients solution.
(human urine). Wat. Sci. Tech. 34:87-94.
Mack. M; (1990) Microbiology: a human perspective treatment of water wastes and polluted habitants 31:786-797.
Odeyemi I.O. (2001) microbes as environmental clean up agents: solid waste management and recycling in Nigeria: some current recycling practices. 25th annual conference of the Nigerian society for microbiology. 146-150.
Olu Oluwatuyi. (2000) Waste management in Ekiti state. Work shop on environmental management for sustainable development. A Public Health paper. 50-52.
Prescolt.M; lansing. H and Klein.a (1999) microbiology (4th ed) wbc/ grand-hill. A div of the MC graw-Hill companies. 261-265
Scholz .R (2001) Waste treatment in thermal procedures composting and recycling of municipal solid waste.300-325.
State of environment (2001) “Ground water Microbiology and staudinger; j. (1999). Disposal of plastic waste and litter. International journal of environmental health research. 3. 32-46
The National Strategic Waste treatment plan (2002) chemical characteristics of extractible lipids cop. Sci. Util. 4: 16-25.
Williams. C.M; Baker J.C and Sims. J.t (1999) review of environmental Contamination and toxicology: 162: 105-157.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
